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History of New Mexico
Evidence from archaeologists conveys the existence of humans back to approximately 9200 BCE. However, the history of New Mexico was not officially recorded until the arrival of the Conquistadors, who encountered Native American Pueblos when they explored the area in the 16th century. Since that time, the area has been under the control of Spain, Mexico, and the United States, which took over in 1848. The long territorial period lasted until 1912, as the remote state depended on mining and suffered from a reputation for corruption and extreme traditionalism. New Mexico introduced the atomic age in 1945, as the first nuclear weapons were developed at Los Alamos. Ethnically the state has historically been divided between the Hispanic and the Anglo elements—the latter mostly migrants from Texas. The state also has a large historic Native American population.
==Native American settlements==
Human occupation of New Mexico stretches back at least 11,000 years to the Clovis culture of hunter-gatherers.〔
Fagan, Brian M. (1987) "The Clovis People and Their Forebearers" ''The Great Journey: The People of Ancient America'' Thames and Hudson, New York, p. 177 ff., ISBN 0-500-05045-7〕 They left evidence of their campsites and stone tools. After the invention of agriculture, the land was inhabited by the Ancient Pueblo Peoples, who built houses out of stone or adobe bricks. They experienced a Golden Age around AD 1000, but climate change led to migration and cultural evolution. From those people arose the historic Pueblo peoples who lived primarily along the few major rivers. The most important rivers are the Rio Grande, the Pecos, the Canadian, the San Juan, and the Gila.
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